Tecnologia de ICT e combate à covid-19
um debate entre privacidade e interesse público na Coreia do Sul
Palabras clave:
derecho a la privacidad, interés público, Corea del Sur, monitoreo electrónico, protección de Datos
Resumen
Cuando se trata de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, entra en juego la aparente bipolaridad entre intereses públicos y privados, y más concretamente, el derecho a la intimidad. Esta dicotomía no es diferente cuando se enfrenta al nuevo coronavirus en Corea del Sur, un país que basa el control en el Big Data. Sin embargo, el debate sobre el tema en un país del Lejano Oriente debe estar libre de orientalismos, y es necesario analizarlo alejándose del concepto de modernidad y derecho moderno. En este paso se examina la formación jurídica surcoreana a través de la imposición del Derecho Civil y las bases ético-políticas confucianas. Lo moderno y lo tradicional se unen en la comprensión del bien común, la democracia y la privacidad en Corea del Sur, lo que resulta en excepciones al derecho a la vida privada en el interés público y la salud. Así, se estructura un estricto sistema de protección de datos personales que admite limitaciones en casos de crisis de salud pública, ocasionadas por enfermedades contagiosas. Ante tales problemáticas, el objetivo es contextualizar la formación de la comprensión de la privacidad y el interés público en Corea y analizar el uso de las TIC en la prevención y combate al COVID-19, desde sus bases históricas, éticas y legales. Para ello se utiliza la metodología bibliográfica y el método inductivo.
Citas
AU, Adam. Ubiquitous Gaze: Privacy Protection in the Era of COVID-19. MIT Computational Law Report. Publicado em 20 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:< https://law.mit.edu/pub/theubiquitousgaze/release/2>. Acesso em: 23/06/2020
CHA, Sangmi. SHIN, Hyonhee. SMITH, John. Ahead of the curve: South Korea's evolving strategy to prevent a coronavirus resurgence. Reuters. Publicado em 15 de abril de 2020a. Disponível em:< https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-respons/ahead-of-the-curve-south-koreas-evolving-strategy-to-prevent-a-coronavirus-resurgence-idUSKCN21X0MO>. Acesso em: 23/06/2020.
CHA, Sangmi. SMITH, John. South Korea investigators comb digital data to trace club coronavirus cluster. Reuters. Publicado em 12 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:< https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-respons/ahead-of-the-curve-south-koreas-evolving-strategy-to-prevent-a-coronavirus-resurgence-idUSKCN21X0MO>. Acesso em: 23/06/2020.
CHOI, Dai-Kwon. The State of Fundamental Rights Protection in Korea, pp. 87-124. In: MAYALI, Laurent. YOO, John. Current Issues in Korean Law. Berkeley: The Robbins Collection, 2014.
CHOI, Dai-Kwon. Law and development: the Korean experience, pp 3-19. In: YANG, Hyunah. Law and Society in Korea. Cheltenham, Reino Unido: Edward Elgar, 2013.
COREIA DO SUL. Current Status of Response to COVID-19 and Future Plans. Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasure Headquarters. Publicado em 09/03/2020a.
COREIA DO SUL. Korea’s Response to COVID-19 and Future Direction. Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasure Headquarters. Publicado em 07/05/2020b.
COREIA DO SUL. Lei de Proteção de Informações Pessoais, Lei n. 10.465 de 29 de março de 2011.
COREIA DO SUL, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. MOLIT, MSIT and KCDC launch the COVID 19 data platform. Publicado em 26 de março de 2020c. Disponível em:< http://www.molit.go.kr/english/USR/BORD0201/m_28286/DTL.jsp?id=eng0301&cate=&mode=view&idx=2931&key=&search=&search_regdate_s=&search_regdate_e=&order=&desc=asc&srch_prc_stts=&item_num=0&search_dept_id=&search_dept_nm=&srch_usr_nm=N&srch_usr_titl=N&srch_usr_ctnt=N&srch_mng_nm=N&old_dept_nm=&search_gbn=&search_section=&source=&search1=&lcmspage=1>. Acesso em: 13/07/20.
COREIA DO SUL, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 Response and Management Guidelines. 3rd ed. Cheongju (Korea): Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020d.
FENDOS, Justin. How surveillance technology powered South Korea’s COVID-19 response. Brookings. Publicado em 29 de abril de 2020. Disponível em: < https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/how-surveillance-technology-powered-south-koreas-covid-19-response/>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
GALLO, William. South Korea Balances Privacy, Public Health in Virus Fight. Voa News. Publicado em 06 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
HAHM, Chaibong. South Korea's miraculous democracy. National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press, Journal of Democracy, v. 19, n. 3, julho de 2008, pp. 129-142. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
HAHM, Chaihark. Conceptualizing Korean Constitutionalism: Foreign Transplant or Indigenous Tradition? Journal of Korean Law, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 151-196, 2001.
HAHM, Chaihark. Law, Culture, and the Politics of Confucianism. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 253-297, 2003.
KERIS. COVID-19 Response by South Korea and KERIS. Through Online Distance Learning for K-12 (Q&A). Disponível em:. Acesso em: 23/06/2020.
KEUN, Namkoong; KIM, Sangmook. Foundation of public administration and policy in South Korea, pp. 3-24. In: KEUN, Namkoong, CHO, Kyung-ho, KIM. Sangmook (Org.). Public Administration and policy in Korea. Its evolution and challenges. New York: Routledge, 2018.
KIM, Pan Suk. South Korea’s fast response to coronavirus disease: implications on public policy and public management theory. Routledge, Public Management Review, maio de 2020a. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
KIM, Jiyoon. Political culture and behavior, pp. 41-58. In: MOON, Chung-in; MOON, M. Jae. Routledgde Handbook of Korean Politics and Public Administration. New York, Routledgde, 2020b.
LEE, Chulwoo. The rule of law and forms of power: theorizing the social foundations of the rule of law in South Korea and East Asia, pp. 20-44. In: YANG, Hyunah. Law and Society in Korea. Cheltenham, Reino Unido: Edward Elgar, 2013.
LEE, David. LEE, Jaehong. Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Elsevier, Volume 5, maio de 2020.
NHRCRK. National Human Rights Comission of the Republic of Korea's activities and related information in response to Covid-19. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 13/07/2020.
OCDE. Diretrizes da OCDE para a Proteção da Privacidade e dos Fluxos Transfronteiriços de Dados Pessoais, 2002.
OH, SangHwa. SEO, YoonLee; HAN, Changhyun. The Effects of Social Media Use on Preventive Behaviors during Infectious Disease Outbreaks: The Mediating Role of Self-relevant Emotions and Public Risk Perception. Health Communication, Routledge, fev. 2020.
ONU. Organização das Nações Unidas. COVID-19 and Human Rights, We’re all in this together, abril de 2020.
PARK, Young Joon et al. Development and Utilization of a Rapid and Accurate Epidemic Investigation Support System for COVID-19. Osong public health and research perspectives vol. 11, n. 3, 2020, pp. 118-127.
PARK, Kyung Shin. Location Tracking of COVID-19 Patients and Location Monitoring of Quarantined Must Conform To Human Rights Principles. Open Net Korea. Publicado em 10 de abril de 2020. Disponível em:< http://opennetkorea.org/en/wp/3051?ckattempt=2>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
SEO, Hanki. 코로나19 동선공개가 사생활 침해면?…"이의제기해 정정 가능. Younhap News. Publicado em 17 de março de 2020. Disponível em:< https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200316152100017>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
THORESON, Ryan. Covid-19 Backlash Targets LGBT People in South Korea. Human Rights Watch. Publicado em 13 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:< https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/13/covid-19-backlash-targets-lgbt-people-south-korea>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
YI, Sanson; HONG Sung Soo. The legal development in Korea: juridification and Proceduralization, pp: 108-129. In: YANG, Hyunah. Law and Society in Korea. Cheltenham, Reino Unido: Edward Elgar, 2013.
YOON, Soongu. Korea’s perspective on COVID-19: Beyond Pride and Prejudice. Brussels Times. Publicado em 11 de maio de 2020. Disponível em: < https://www.brusselstimes.com/opinion/110867/koreas-perspective-on-covid-19-beyond-pride-and-prejudice/>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
YOUM, Kyuho. LEE, Inho. PARK, Ahran. Access to Government Information in South Korea: The Rise of Transparency as an Open Society Principle. Journal of International Media & Entertainment Law, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 170-202, 2018. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
ZASTROW, Mark. South Korea is reporting intimate details of COVID-19 cases: has it helped? Nature. Publicado em 18 de março de 2020. Disponível em:. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
CHA, Sangmi. SHIN, Hyonhee. SMITH, John. Ahead of the curve: South Korea's evolving strategy to prevent a coronavirus resurgence. Reuters. Publicado em 15 de abril de 2020a. Disponível em:< https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-respons/ahead-of-the-curve-south-koreas-evolving-strategy-to-prevent-a-coronavirus-resurgence-idUSKCN21X0MO>. Acesso em: 23/06/2020.
CHA, Sangmi. SMITH, John. South Korea investigators comb digital data to trace club coronavirus cluster. Reuters. Publicado em 12 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:< https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-respons/ahead-of-the-curve-south-koreas-evolving-strategy-to-prevent-a-coronavirus-resurgence-idUSKCN21X0MO>. Acesso em: 23/06/2020.
CHOI, Dai-Kwon. The State of Fundamental Rights Protection in Korea, pp. 87-124. In: MAYALI, Laurent. YOO, John. Current Issues in Korean Law. Berkeley: The Robbins Collection, 2014.
CHOI, Dai-Kwon. Law and development: the Korean experience, pp 3-19. In: YANG, Hyunah. Law and Society in Korea. Cheltenham, Reino Unido: Edward Elgar, 2013.
COREIA DO SUL. Current Status of Response to COVID-19 and Future Plans. Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasure Headquarters. Publicado em 09/03/2020a.
COREIA DO SUL. Korea’s Response to COVID-19 and Future Direction. Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasure Headquarters. Publicado em 07/05/2020b.
COREIA DO SUL. Lei de Proteção de Informações Pessoais, Lei n. 10.465 de 29 de março de 2011.
COREIA DO SUL, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. MOLIT, MSIT and KCDC launch the COVID 19 data platform. Publicado em 26 de março de 2020c. Disponível em:< http://www.molit.go.kr/english/USR/BORD0201/m_28286/DTL.jsp?id=eng0301&cate=&mode=view&idx=2931&key=&search=&search_regdate_s=&search_regdate_e=&order=&desc=asc&srch_prc_stts=&item_num=0&search_dept_id=&search_dept_nm=&srch_usr_nm=N&srch_usr_titl=N&srch_usr_ctnt=N&srch_mng_nm=N&old_dept_nm=&search_gbn=&search_section=&source=&search1=&lcmspage=1>. Acesso em: 13/07/20.
COREIA DO SUL, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 Response and Management Guidelines. 3rd ed. Cheongju (Korea): Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020d.
FENDOS, Justin. How surveillance technology powered South Korea’s COVID-19 response. Brookings. Publicado em 29 de abril de 2020. Disponível em: < https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/how-surveillance-technology-powered-south-koreas-covid-19-response/>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
GALLO, William. South Korea Balances Privacy, Public Health in Virus Fight. Voa News. Publicado em 06 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:
HAHM, Chaibong. South Korea's miraculous democracy. National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press, Journal of Democracy, v. 19, n. 3, julho de 2008, pp. 129-142. Disponível em:
HAHM, Chaihark. Conceptualizing Korean Constitutionalism: Foreign Transplant or Indigenous Tradition? Journal of Korean Law, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 151-196, 2001.
HAHM, Chaihark. Law, Culture, and the Politics of Confucianism. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, v. 16, n. 2, pp. 253-297, 2003.
KERIS. COVID-19 Response by South Korea and KERIS. Through Online Distance Learning for K-12 (Q&A). Disponível em:
KEUN, Namkoong; KIM, Sangmook. Foundation of public administration and policy in South Korea, pp. 3-24. In: KEUN, Namkoong, CHO, Kyung-ho, KIM. Sangmook (Org.). Public Administration and policy in Korea. Its evolution and challenges. New York: Routledge, 2018.
KIM, Pan Suk. South Korea’s fast response to coronavirus disease: implications on public policy and public management theory. Routledge, Public Management Review, maio de 2020a. Disponível em:
KIM, Jiyoon. Political culture and behavior, pp. 41-58. In: MOON, Chung-in; MOON, M. Jae. Routledgde Handbook of Korean Politics and Public Administration. New York, Routledgde, 2020b.
LEE, Chulwoo. The rule of law and forms of power: theorizing the social foundations of the rule of law in South Korea and East Asia, pp. 20-44. In: YANG, Hyunah. Law and Society in Korea. Cheltenham, Reino Unido: Edward Elgar, 2013.
LEE, David. LEE, Jaehong. Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Elsevier, Volume 5, maio de 2020.
NHRCRK. National Human Rights Comission of the Republic of Korea's activities and related information in response to Covid-19. Disponível em:
OCDE. Diretrizes da OCDE para a Proteção da Privacidade e dos Fluxos Transfronteiriços de Dados Pessoais, 2002.
OH, SangHwa. SEO, YoonLee; HAN, Changhyun. The Effects of Social Media Use on Preventive Behaviors during Infectious Disease Outbreaks: The Mediating Role of Self-relevant Emotions and Public Risk Perception. Health Communication, Routledge, fev. 2020.
ONU. Organização das Nações Unidas. COVID-19 and Human Rights, We’re all in this together, abril de 2020.
PARK, Young Joon et al. Development and Utilization of a Rapid and Accurate Epidemic Investigation Support System for COVID-19. Osong public health and research perspectives vol. 11, n. 3, 2020, pp. 118-127.
PARK, Kyung Shin. Location Tracking of COVID-19 Patients and Location Monitoring of Quarantined Must Conform To Human Rights Principles. Open Net Korea. Publicado em 10 de abril de 2020. Disponível em:< http://opennetkorea.org/en/wp/3051?ckattempt=2>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
SEO, Hanki. 코로나19 동선공개가 사생활 침해면?…"이의제기해 정정 가능. Younhap News. Publicado em 17 de março de 2020. Disponível em:< https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200316152100017>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
THORESON, Ryan. Covid-19 Backlash Targets LGBT People in South Korea. Human Rights Watch. Publicado em 13 de maio de 2020. Disponível em:< https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/13/covid-19-backlash-targets-lgbt-people-south-korea>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
YI, Sanson; HONG Sung Soo. The legal development in Korea: juridification and Proceduralization, pp: 108-129. In: YANG, Hyunah. Law and Society in Korea. Cheltenham, Reino Unido: Edward Elgar, 2013.
YOON, Soongu. Korea’s perspective on COVID-19: Beyond Pride and Prejudice. Brussels Times. Publicado em 11 de maio de 2020. Disponível em: < https://www.brusselstimes.com/opinion/110867/koreas-perspective-on-covid-19-beyond-pride-and-prejudice/>. Acesso em: 26/07/2020.
YOUM, Kyuho. LEE, Inho. PARK, Ahran. Access to Government Information in South Korea: The Rise of Transparency as an Open Society Principle. Journal of International Media & Entertainment Law, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 170-202, 2018. Disponível em:
ZASTROW, Mark. South Korea is reporting intimate details of COVID-19 cases: has it helped? Nature. Publicado em 18 de março de 2020. Disponível em:
Publicado
02/02/2024
Sección
PUBLICAÇÕES
